自我損耗對中學生利他行為的影響及干預研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-16 19:26
【摘要】：自我控制是伴隨個體一生走向成熟不可缺少的因素,也是推動人類社會不斷進步的動力。自我控制的能量模型認為:個體進行自我控制會消耗其內(nèi)部的心理控制能量或資源,這種能量不足時個體便陷入自我損耗狀態(tài),使其各種社會適應性能力受到損害并在之后的活動中表現(xiàn)降低。以往的研究指出,在自我損耗狀態(tài)下個體更容易發(fā)生壞行為(如攻擊、欺騙等),而且會減少其好行為(如利他行為),但有關自我損耗對利他行為的影響機制還有待進一步澄清:如過去的研究更多是以大學生為對象,且采用自我損耗程度較低的任務探討自我損耗對后續(xù)行為(如利他行為)的影響,而在實際生活中自我損耗的強度遠不及此,更高程度的自我損耗對利他行為的影響如何?自我損耗對利他行為的影響是否會受到個體自我控制水平的影響?另有研究表明補充生理能量(葡萄糖)對自我損耗具有補償?shù)淖饔?那么在不同自我損耗狀態(tài)下,補充生理能量(葡萄糖)后中學生的利他行為會有何表現(xiàn)?為此,本研究以中學生為對象,以Stroop任務為心理控制資源的高低自我損耗材料,首先探討了自我損耗對中學生利他行為的影響(實驗一);然后,考察了不同自我控制水平的中學生在自我損耗后的利他行為表現(xiàn)(實驗二);最后通過補充生理能量對自我損耗后的中學生進行干預,探討處于不同自我損耗狀態(tài)下的中學生,在補充生理能量(葡萄糖)后的利他行為表現(xiàn)(實驗三)。通過以上三個實驗,本研究獲得以下結論:(1)作為有意識的加工結果,個體的利他行為受到自我控制資源損耗程度的影響,當個體損耗了過多的心理控制資源而處于高自我損耗狀態(tài)時,更有可能做出利己行為。(2)自我控制水平作為個體穩(wěn)定的特質(zhì)因素,也影響個體的利他行為。較高水平自我控制的個體更傾向于做出利他行為,個體可以通過提高自我控制水平來阻止好行為的減少。(3)葡萄糖作為心理控制資源的一種生理能量,能有效克服高自我損耗個體利他行為的減少,而給高自我損耗的個體攝入水或無攝入則對其沒有明顯的影響。當個體由于心理控制資源損耗過多而處于高損耗狀態(tài)時,可考慮攝入生理能量(葡萄糖)來恢復自我控制資源,克服好行為的減少。
[Abstract]:Self-control is not only an indispensable factor to the maturity of individual life, but also a driving force to promote the progress of human society. The energy model of self-control holds that the self-control of an individual will consume its inner mental control energy or resources, and when the energy is insufficient, the individual will fall into a state of self-depletion. It impairs its social adaptability and performance in subsequent activities. Previous studies have shown that individuals are more prone to bad behavior (such as aggression) in a state of self-depletion. But the mechanism of self-depletion on altruistic behavior remains to be further clarified: for example, previous studies have focused more on college students. And using the task with low degree of self-loss to explore the influence of self-loss on subsequent behavior (such as altruistic behavior), but in real life, the intensity of self-loss is far less than this, what is the effect of higher degree of self-loss on altruistic behavior? Is the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior affected by the level of individual self-control? Other studies have shown that supplementation of physiological energy (glucose) has a compensatory effect on self-loss, so under different self-loss states, what will the altruistic behavior of middle school students after supplement of physiological energy (glucose)? Therefore, taking the Stroop task as the material of high and low self-loss of mental control resources, this study first explores the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior of middle school students (experiment 1), and then studies the effect of self-depletion on altruistic behavior of middle school students. The altruistic behavior of middle school students with different levels of self-control after self-depletion was investigated (experiment 2). Through the above three experiments, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) as a result of conscious processing, the altruistic behavior of individuals is affected by the degree of self-control resource depletion. Individuals with higher levels of self-control are more likely to behave altruistically. Individuals can prevent the reduction of good behavior by improving their self-control level. (3) glucose is a physiological energy of psychological control resources. It can effectively overcome the decrease of altruistic behavior of individuals with high self-loss, but it has no significant effect on the individuals with high self-loss by ingesting water or not. When the individual is in a state of high wastage due to excessive loss of psychological control resources, we can consider taking in physiological energy (glucose) to restore self-control resources and overcome the decrease of good behavior.
【學位授予單位】：貴州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848.4
本文編號：2275398
[Abstract]:Self-control is not only an indispensable factor to the maturity of individual life, but also a driving force to promote the progress of human society. The energy model of self-control holds that the self-control of an individual will consume its inner mental control energy or resources, and when the energy is insufficient, the individual will fall into a state of self-depletion. It impairs its social adaptability and performance in subsequent activities. Previous studies have shown that individuals are more prone to bad behavior (such as aggression) in a state of self-depletion. But the mechanism of self-depletion on altruistic behavior remains to be further clarified: for example, previous studies have focused more on college students. And using the task with low degree of self-loss to explore the influence of self-loss on subsequent behavior (such as altruistic behavior), but in real life, the intensity of self-loss is far less than this, what is the effect of higher degree of self-loss on altruistic behavior? Is the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior affected by the level of individual self-control? Other studies have shown that supplementation of physiological energy (glucose) has a compensatory effect on self-loss, so under different self-loss states, what will the altruistic behavior of middle school students after supplement of physiological energy (glucose)? Therefore, taking the Stroop task as the material of high and low self-loss of mental control resources, this study first explores the effect of self-loss on altruistic behavior of middle school students (experiment 1), and then studies the effect of self-depletion on altruistic behavior of middle school students. The altruistic behavior of middle school students with different levels of self-control after self-depletion was investigated (experiment 2). Through the above three experiments, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) as a result of conscious processing, the altruistic behavior of individuals is affected by the degree of self-control resource depletion. Individuals with higher levels of self-control are more likely to behave altruistically. Individuals can prevent the reduction of good behavior by improving their self-control level. (3) glucose is a physiological energy of psychological control resources. It can effectively overcome the decrease of altruistic behavior of individuals with high self-loss, but it has no significant effect on the individuals with high self-loss by ingesting water or not. When the individual is in a state of high wastage due to excessive loss of psychological control resources, we can consider taking in physiological energy (glucose) to restore self-control resources and overcome the decrease of good behavior.
【學位授予單位】：貴州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848.4
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