發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-11 15:20

  本文選題：永定河 + 滄桑之變��； 參考：《河北學(xué)刊》2017年05期

【摘要】：從明萬歷十年至清道光二十二年(1602—1842年),永定河下游水環(huán)境經(jīng)歷兩次大變化。自明萬歷至清康熙年間,永定河下游東安、武清等地出現(xiàn)兩次盛大水勢(shì),多地變?yōu)闈蓢?guó)。自清乾隆十年至道光二十二年(1749—1842年),許多河溝淀泊淤積成陸,農(nóng)民耕墾其中。清康熙三十七年(1698年)筑永定河堤壩,使下口淤積,加劇環(huán)境變化:無壩前渾河散漫南流,沙泥填淤,增加土壤肥力,利于秋麥,稱為一水一麥之地;有壩后,永定河所經(jīng),淀泊淤積成陸。永定河上游治理,下游受害。河淤地畝,分給沿河汛夫耕種或招民佃種,以租銀為治河經(jīng)費(fèi);還有州縣民占地墾種升科,成為新增民地;旗民偷墾占種河淀淤地。淤地為永定河水利的最大特點(diǎn),墾種使河泊淀地水面減少,影響淀泊蓄水及河道行洪能力。
[Abstract]:From ten years in Ming Dynasty to 22 years in Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the water environment of the lower reaches of Yongding River has undergone two great changes. From Ming Wanli to Qing Kangxi years, Yongding River downstream Dongan, Wuqing and other places appear twice grand water, many into the country. From ten years of Qianlong Qing Dynasty to 22 years of Daoguang in 1749-1842, many rivers and ditches were deposited and cultivated by farmers. In 37 years (1698), Kangxi built the Yongding River dike, which made the lower mouth silt up and aggravated the environmental change. Before the dam, the Hunhe River was scattered southward, the sand was filled with silt, and the soil fertility was increased, which was favorable to autumn wheat, which was called the land of one water and one wheat; after the dam, the Yongding River passed through, The lake is deposited into land. Yongding River upstream management, downstream victimization. River silt land mu, distributed along the river flood husband farming or hiring farmers to hire money for river control funds; also state and county people land reclamation species, become new people land; flag people to steal land to occupy the river deposition land. The silt land is the biggest characteristic of the Yongding River water conservancy. The reclamation species reduce the water surface of the river and affect the storage capacity of the lake and the flood discharge capacity of the river.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【基金】：2014年度中央高�；�本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金資助項(xiàng)目《清代北方人水矛盾及其制度調(diào)節(jié)》(skzzy2014032)
【分類號(hào)】：K249
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本文編號(hào)：1874500