發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-19 14:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 失重防護(hù) 日�；顒�(dòng) 關(guān)節(jié)受力 Opensim 日負(fù)荷刺激量　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：載人航天技術(shù)代表著一個(gè)國家科技發(fā)展水平,如何保障航天員長期在軌健康是其中一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在微重力條件下,航天員以每月1%至2%的速度丟失骨質(zhì),特別是在下肢如股骨近端,且伴隨著肌肉萎縮等嚴(yán)重影響。其主要原因是在微重力環(huán)境下,人體骨肌系統(tǒng)所承受重力負(fù)荷刺激和肌肉的牽拉刺激大大降低。盡管國際上采用了體育鍛煉等多種措施進(jìn)行防護(hù)對抗,但至今還無法完全防護(hù)這種效應(yīng)。除技術(shù)手段的原因外,另一個(gè)重要原因在于人們對于維持肌肉和骨骼功能究竟需要什么樣負(fù)荷刺激的基本問題不清楚。人類是在地球重力環(huán)境下進(jìn)化的,人體骨骼的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能已經(jīng)完全適應(yīng)地球重力環(huán)境。如果對骨骼每日所受力負(fù)荷刺激量以及維持骨骼功能所需的最低刺激量等問題還不清楚,也就無法在太空準(zhǔn)確對抗骨丟失的發(fā)生。因此,明確日常生活中人體主要承重關(guān)節(jié)受力情況,闡明人體骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)功能維持所需的刺激量,對于現(xiàn)有防護(hù)措施的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展新型失重防護(hù)措施,提高骨丟失防護(hù)效果有著重要意義。本研究圍繞正常重力環(huán)境下健康人體的髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)在日�；顒�(dòng)中受力情況進(jìn)行研究,以期為微重力環(huán)境中對抗措施的研制提供一定參考。本文研究可分為兩大部分:(1)通過ActivPAL3CVT設(shè)備對正常重力環(huán)境下30名從事研究工作的健康志愿者的日常活動(dòng)進(jìn)行為期一周的監(jiān)測,監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明:可將日�；顒�(dòng)大致分為:坐與躺、站立,低強(qiáng)度慢走、中等強(qiáng)度快走、高強(qiáng)度跑步、坐立轉(zhuǎn)換等動(dòng)作;從日�；顒�(dòng)行為習(xí)慣的角度分析,科研工作者坐與躺等靜態(tài)動(dòng)作占據(jù)工作日整天的70%,站立狀態(tài)占據(jù)21%,相應(yīng)的走路和跑步等動(dòng)作僅占據(jù)9%,而且在休息日中站立與走路等動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)作占據(jù)時(shí)間都有所降低;從日常活動(dòng)水平來看,無論是工作日還是休息日,均以低強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)為主,而高等強(qiáng)度水平的運(yùn)動(dòng)最少;(2)基于Opensim人體建模技術(shù)建立10名志愿者的特定人體模型,另通過VICON光學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)采集系統(tǒng)捕捉分類后所定義動(dòng)作的模擬數(shù)據(jù),在Opensim中完成10名志愿者的髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)受力分析,從而可以計(jì)算得到在人體在站立狀態(tài)下髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)平均受力為3.13 N/Kg,3.99 N/Kg,4.47 N/Kg;在一個(gè)步態(tài)周期內(nèi),低強(qiáng)度下走路時(shí)髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)平均受力分別為4.61 N/Kg,4.47 N/Kg,4.90N/Kg;中等強(qiáng)度下快走時(shí)髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)平均受力分別為4.75 N/Kg,4.93N/Kg,5.00 N/Kg;高強(qiáng)度下跑步時(shí)髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)平均受力分別為5.22 N/Kg,5.38 N/Kg,5.43 N/Kg;由坐到站立的動(dòng)作周期內(nèi)髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)平均受力為2.50 N/Kg,2.81 N/Kg,3.81 N/Kg。在求解到各類運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作下人體髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)受力情況后,進(jìn)一步結(jié)合增強(qiáng)日負(fù)荷刺激理論進(jìn)行計(jì)算,求得髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)的日負(fù)荷刺激量大約為13.48 N/Kg,14.10 N/Kg,14.06 N/Kg。最終,可根據(jù)計(jì)算所得髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)的日負(fù)荷刺激量來制定在微重力環(huán)境下相應(yīng)的對抗鍛煉措施,并可以將日負(fù)荷刺激量進(jìn)行推廣應(yīng)用,如關(guān)于可穿戴式低負(fù)荷加載外骨骼的設(shè)計(jì),用來增強(qiáng)失重防護(hù)的有效性。
[Abstract]:Manned space technology is one of the national science and technology development level, how to protect the health of astronauts in orbit long is one of the key technologies. In microgravity, the astronauts in a month from 1% to 2% of the rate of bone loss, especially in the lower extremities such as the proximal femur, and accompanied by muscle atrophy seriously affected. The main reason is the the microgravity environment, the human musculoskeletal system under gravity load stimulation and muscle stretch stimulation decreased greatly. Although the international use of physical exercise and other measures for protection against, but still can not completely prevent such effect. Because of the technical means, another important reason is that people in maintaining muscle and bone the function of exactly what kind of load stimulation basic problems unclear. Human evolution in earth gravity environment, the structure and function of human bone has been fully adapted to The ball gravity environment. If the skeletal daily stress loading amount of stimulation and the lowest stimulation required to maintain skeletal function of such problems is not clear, is not accurate in space against bone loss occurs. Therefore, clear the human daily life main bearing joint force, to stimulate the human skeleton function to maintain the amount of the existing protective measures for the improvement and development of new protective measures to improve weight loss, plays an important role in bone loss of protective effect. This study focused on the hip, the health of the human body under normal gravity environment of knee, ankle joint of stress in their daily activities, in order to provide some reference for the research in microgravity confrontation methods. This study can be divided into two parts: (1) through the daily activities of ActivPAL3CVT equipment in normal gravity environment of 30 healthy volunteers engaged in research work in time A week of monitoring, the monitoring results show that the daily activities can be roughly divided into: sitting and lying, standing, walking and low intensity, moderate intensity walking, high-intensity running, sitting conversion action; from the analysis of daily activities behavior perspective, researchers sitting and lying static action occupy 70% day work stand, occupy 21%, the corresponding movements such as walking and running accounted for only 9%, but in the rest of the day in standing and walking and other dynamic action occupy the time is reduced; from the daily activity level, whether it is day or day, all with low intensity exercise, and higher level of intensity of exercise at least (; 2) specific human model 10 volunteers Opensim human body modeling technology based on simulation data defined by the other action VICON optical motion capture acquisition system after classification, completed 10 volunteers in the Opensim of the hip, knee, ankle By force analysis and in the body section, in a standing state of hip, knee ankle joint is calculated, the average stress is 3.13 N/Kg, 3.99 N/Kg, 4.47 N/Kg; in a gait cycle, low intensity when walking, hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 4.61 N/Kg, 4.47 N/Kg, 4.90N/Kg go; moderate strength of hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 4.75 N/Kg, 5 4.93N/Kg, N/Kg; high intensity running hip, knee, ankle joint average stress were 5.22 N/Kg, 5.38 N/Kg, 5.43 N/Kg; from sitting to standing in the operation cycle of hip, knee, ankle joint the average stress is 2.50 N/Kg, 2.81 N/Kg, 3.81 N/Kg. in the solution to the hip, all kinds of movement under the knee, ankle joint force, to further enhance the binding of daily load stimulation theory calculation, obtained the hip, knee, ankle joint load stimulation amount is about 13.48 N/Kg, 14.10 N/Kg, 14.06 N/Kg. according to the plan. The daily load stimulation of hip, knee and ankle joints is calculated to formulate corresponding exercise measures in microgravity environment, and daily load stimulation can be applied, for example, the design of wearable low load loading exoskeleton is used to enhance the effectiveness of weightlessness protection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R852

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