發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-26 18:45

  本文選題：超磁致伸縮　切入點(diǎn)：刀型Terfenol-D　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,管道運(yùn)輸由于具有運(yùn)輸量大、連續(xù)性好、安全系數(shù)高、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在五大運(yùn)輸方式中擔(dān)任著不可或缺的角色。然而隨著管道使用時(shí)間的過(guò)長(zhǎng),且由于環(huán)境及人為的影響,管道會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同程度和不同形式的損傷,包括劃痕、破損、腐蝕等。管道的這些損傷會(huì)帶來(lái)極大的能源浪費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,更為嚴(yán)重的是可能會(huì)造成人身傷亡事故,因此,管道檢測(cè)尤為重要。由于常規(guī)的檢測(cè)大多采用逐點(diǎn)檢測(cè)的方法,檢測(cè)速度慢,檢測(cè)距離較短且效率低,而超聲導(dǎo)波檢測(cè)技術(shù)具有傳播距離長(zhǎng),衰減小,檢測(cè)效率高等優(yōu)勢(shì)越來(lái)越受到重視。在超聲導(dǎo)波檢測(cè)中,目前被用于管道檢測(cè)最常見(jiàn)的傳感器是壓電式傳感器,其敏感元件采用PZT,由于該材料的機(jī)電耦合系數(shù)較低,能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率較差限制了檢測(cè)距離。與PZT材料相比,超磁致伸縮材料Terfenol-D具有較高的機(jī)電耦合系數(shù)及能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率,因此本文將超磁致伸縮材料Terfenol-D作為傳感器的敏感元件,由于檢測(cè)時(shí)需要與管道任意表面耦合,一般的長(zhǎng)方體和圓柱狀的振動(dòng)元件無(wú)法滿足。因此,本文將Terfenol-D設(shè)計(jì)成一種類似刀型的結(jié)構(gòu),能實(shí)現(xiàn)與管道任意表面耦合。采用理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)超磁致伸縮傳感器的內(nèi)部組件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),并研究了傳感器內(nèi)部組件的主要參數(shù)對(duì)激勵(lì)效果的影響,本文主要的研究工作和成果包括:1)為了研究傳感器內(nèi)部組件的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)對(duì)激勵(lì)效果的影響,建立了管道檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),運(yùn)用傳輸線法對(duì)傳感器的內(nèi)部各項(xiàng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,測(cè)試超磁致伸縮傳感器的激勵(lì)性能。2)為了使Terfenol-D傳感器能適用于管道任意表面檢測(cè),采用模擬軟件分析了刀型和長(zhǎng)方體結(jié)構(gòu)的Terfenol-D在相同信號(hào)下的振動(dòng)情況,由于刀型結(jié)構(gòu)存在其他方向的微小振動(dòng),本文配置了一種吸波材料,采用理論計(jì)算及實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式分析了背襯層的位置及厚度對(duì)激勵(lì)信號(hào)的影響。3)對(duì)Terfenol-D傳感器的激勵(lì)幅值及信噪比兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)了偏置磁場(chǎng)及提供交變磁場(chǎng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)線圈,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式分析了線圈的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)及永磁鐵對(duì)激勵(lì)信號(hào)的影響規(guī)律。利用研制的刀型Terfenol-D超磁致伸縮傳感器與電陶瓷傳感器進(jìn)行激勵(lì)試驗(yàn),分別從激勵(lì)幅值、回波系數(shù)及定位精度進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,研制的刀型Terfenol-D超磁致伸縮傳感器激勵(lì)性能具有突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:With the development of global society and economy, pipeline transportation plays an indispensable role in the five modes of transportation because of its advantages of large volume, good continuity, high safety coefficient and low cost. And because of environmental and man-made effects, pipelines will suffer various degrees and forms of damage, including scratches, breakages, corrosion, etc. These damage to pipelines will cause great energy waste and economic losses. What is more serious is that it may cause personal injury and death accident, so pipeline detection is especially important. Because the conventional detection mostly adopts point-by-point detection method, the detection speed is slow, the detection distance is short and the efficiency is low. However, ultrasonic guided wave detection technology has the advantages of long propagation distance, low attenuation, high detection efficiency and so on. In ultrasonic guided wave detection, the most common sensor used in pipeline detection is piezoelectric sensor. Because of the low electromechanical coupling coefficient and low energy conversion efficiency, the detection distance is limited by the low energy conversion efficiency of the material. Compared with the PZT material, the giant magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D has higher electromechanical coupling coefficient and energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, the giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D) is used as the sensitive element of the sensor. Because of the need of coupling with any surface of the pipe, the general cuboid and cylindrical vibration elements cannot be satisfied. In this paper, Terfenol-D is designed as a kind of knife structure, which can be coupled with any surface of the pipe. The internal components of the giant magnetostrictive sensor are designed by combining theoretical and experimental studies. The main work and results of this paper include: (1) in order to study the influence of the parameters of sensor internal components on the excitation effect, a pipeline detection experiment system is established. In order to make the Terfenol-D sensor suitable for any surface detection of pipeline, the internal parameters of the sensor are studied experimentally by using the transmission line method, and the excitation performance of the giant magnetostrictive sensor is tested. The vibration of Terfenol-D with knife shape and cuboid structure under the same signal is analyzed by means of simulation software. Due to the existence of small vibration in other directions of the knife structure, a kind of absorbing material is configured in this paper. The influence of the position and thickness of the backing layer on the excitation signal is analyzed by theoretical calculation and experiment. The excitation amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the Terfenol-D sensor are studied. The bias magnetic field and the driving coil providing the alternating magnetic field are designed. The parameters of the coil and the influence of permanent magnet on the excitation signal are analyzed by means of experiments. The excitation tests are carried out by using the knife type Terfenol-D giant magnetostrictive sensor and the electric ceramic sensor, respectively from the excitation amplitude. The echo coefficient and positioning accuracy are compared and analyzed. The developed Terfenol-D giant magnetostrictive sensor has outstanding advantages in excitation performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212

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