發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 13:36

  本文選題：中古譯經(jīng)　切入點(diǎn)：完成動詞　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在漢語語法史的研究中,現(xiàn)代漢語體貌標(biāo)記的來源、發(fā)展與演變機(jī)制一直是學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。隨著近年來體貌系統(tǒng)研究的深入,許多學(xué)者已經(jīng)將副詞、語氣詞、完成動詞都納入到完成體的考察研究范圍內(nèi)。由于完成體副詞、完成體語氣詞都是由完成動詞最終虛化而來,因此想要準(zhǔn)確把握現(xiàn)代漢語完成體標(biāo)記的來源,就必須弄清楚整個中古時期完成動詞的使用情況。由于漢譯佛經(jīng)保留了大量的口語成分,所以本文以中古譯經(jīng)作為研究語料,在語言接觸的視角下,對完成動詞"畢""竟""訖""已"在中古譯經(jīng)中所處的語言環(huán)境進(jìn)行窮盡式的統(tǒng)計(jì),并采用情狀類型理論、語法化理論等現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)理論,從句法、語義等多方面對其所處句式進(jìn)行闡釋。本論文圍繞完成動詞"畢" "竟" "訖" "已"在中古譯經(jīng)中的使用頻率、語法功能與性質(zhì)、發(fā)展與演變機(jī)制等核心議題,最終得出以下結(jié)論:首先,在使用頻率方面,從共時角度來看,"已"的出現(xiàn)頻率占絕對優(yōu)勢,其次是"畢","竟"和"訖"的出現(xiàn)頻率較低;從歷時角度來看,"已"的使用頻次從東漢、魏晉南北朝到隋唐不斷增加,而"畢" "竟" "訖"則逐漸減少,到隋唐時期,幾乎退出了歷史舞臺。其次,在語法功能與性質(zhì)方面,中古譯經(jīng)的完成動詞,除了"畢"只具有謂語動詞的語法功能外,"竟""訖""已"都由謂語動詞向動相補(bǔ)語的方向發(fā)展。而且雖然它們都處于"V+畢/竟/訖/己"的這一結(jié)構(gòu)形式中,但是它們處于語法化過程中的不同階段,"已"的虛化程度最高,"竟"和"訖"處于語法化的中間階段,"畢"語法化程度最低。從完成動詞"畢""竟""訖""已"在中古時期的發(fā)展與演變情況來看,在演變動因方面,我們得出不同語言之間的接觸雖然對漢語的發(fā)展起到了重要的推動作用,但這也是次要的力量,真正起主導(dǎo)作用的力量還是漢語系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部自身的發(fā)展。而且重新分析和類推是其主要的演變機(jī)制。此外,我們還對同經(jīng)異譯本進(jìn)行了比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)完成動詞在使用頻率上的差異還與譯者的母語和翻譯風(fēng)格有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In the study of the history of Chinese grammar, the origin, development and evolution mechanism of modern Chinese body appearance markers have been the focus of academic circles. Since the perfect aspect adverbs are all formed by the final vacuity of the perfect verbs, they want to accurately grasp the origin of the perfect aspect markers in modern Chinese. It is necessary to understand the use of the completed verbs throughout the Middle Ancient period. Since the Buddhist scriptures in Chinese have retained a large number of spoken language elements, this paper uses the Medieval Translation Sutra as the research corpus, from the perspective of language contact. This paper makes exhaustive statistics on the linguistic environment in which the completed verb "Bi" and "Ji" have been in, and adopts modern linguistic theories, such as situation type theory, grammaticalization theory, and so on, from the syntactic point of view. This thesis focuses on the use frequency, grammatical function and nature, development and evolution mechanism of the verb "Bi", "Ji" and "already" in the Medieval Classics. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: first, from the synchronic point of view, the frequency of "already" is the absolute dominant, and the second is "Bi", "Jing" and "Ji" the frequency of occurrence is relatively low; From a diachronic point of view, the frequency of the use of "already" increased from the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, while the "Bi" "unexpectedly" "Ji" gradually decreased, and by the Sui and Tang dynasties, it almost withdrew from the historical stage. Secondly, In terms of grammatical function and nature, the completed verbs of the Middle Classics, Except that "Bi" has only the grammatical function of predicate verbs, "Jing" "Ji" and "already" develop from predicate verbs to verb complements. But they are in different stages of grammaticalization, the degree of "already" is the highest, "Jing" and "Ji" are in the middle stage of grammaticalization, and "Bi" is the lowest. From the point of view of the development and evolution of the Middle Ancient period, In terms of the causes of evolution, we draw the conclusion that although the contact between different languages has played an important role in promoting the development of Chinese, it is also a secondary force. The real dominant force is the development of the Chinese system itself, and reanalysis and analogy are its main evolution mechanisms. In addition, we also make a comparative analysis of the different versions of the same classics. It is also found that the differences in the frequency of use of the completed verbs are related to the translator's mother tongue and translation style.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H141

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本文編號：1593573