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  本文選題：《德意志意識形態(tài)》　切入點：馬克思　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：哲學(xué)問題的研究旨在"認(rèn)識你自己",如何以歷史的眼光客觀、辯證的認(rèn)識自身,這是所有哲學(xué)問題研究的關(guān)鍵。作為唯物史觀的前提和出發(fā)點,《德意志意識形態(tài)》(以下簡稱《形態(tài)》)中"現(xiàn)實的個人"的提出,不僅是馬克思對以往有關(guān)人的各種思想研究的清算,更是以日趨成熟的理論體系,用唯物辯證法的歷史眼光對人客觀、全面的論述和認(rèn)識。《形態(tài)》作為馬克思唯物史觀形成的標(biāo)志,其"現(xiàn)實的個人"人學(xué)思想可以說是貫穿整個唯物史觀的核心,馬克思對所有哲學(xué)問題的論述,也都始終未曾離開對人的生存境遇、人的現(xiàn)實解放的深切關(guān)注。本文通過整理分析國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對馬克人學(xué)思的研究,針對國內(nèi)學(xué)者目前研究的不足和理論分歧,對《形態(tài)》的費爾巴哈章中"現(xiàn)實的個人"的形成過程、具體內(nèi)涵、發(fā)展階段進(jìn)行了深入、全面的探析。本文主要由三部分組成:第一部分論述了黑格爾、費爾巴哈對人的抽象詮釋以及在此影響的基礎(chǔ)上馬克思早期人學(xué)理論的發(fā)展過程。黑格爾眼中的人是精神自由的理性人,費爾巴哈眼中的人是具有"類"本質(zhì)的自然人,在受他們的理論影響的基礎(chǔ)上,《形態(tài)》之前馬克思的人學(xué)思想經(jīng)歷了一個逐步發(fā)展、成熟、全面的認(rèn)識過程。第二部分是對"現(xiàn)實的個人"內(nèi)涵的詳細(xì)闡釋。經(jīng)歷了理論創(chuàng)作的日趨成熟和社會實踐的深入,馬克思所論述的"現(xiàn)實的個人"是處于社會歷史現(xiàn)實中,通過分工形成一定的社會關(guān)系、在生產(chǎn)實踐中確立自己的本質(zhì)規(guī)定、以需求的滿足作為實現(xiàn)自身的內(nèi)在動力的個人。第三部分論述了"現(xiàn)實的個人"的歷史生成與發(fā)展的不同階段。"現(xiàn)實的個人""不是停留在某一歷史階段靜止的個人形態(tài),而是動態(tài)生成、變化發(fā)展的。在"人的依賴關(guān)系"階段,"現(xiàn)實的個人"作為自然的個人而存在;在"物的依賴關(guān)系"階段,"現(xiàn)實的個人"發(fā)生異化,主要以"偶然的個人"形態(tài)而存在;在每個人自由全面發(fā)展的階段,"現(xiàn)實的個人"以"有個性的個人"形態(tài)而存在。從這三個發(fā)展階段的論述,我們可以看出馬克思對人永不止步的探索和崇高的人道主義情懷。
[Abstract]:The study of philosophical problems aims at "knowing yourself", how to understand yourself objectively and dialectically from a historical perspective, This is the key to the study of all philosophical issues. As the premise and starting point of historical materialism, the "realistic individual" in "German ideology" (hereinafter referred to as "form") was put forward. It is not only a liquidation of Marx's previous studies of human thoughts, but also an objective view of human beings with the increasingly mature theoretical system and the historical perspective of materialist dialectics. As the symbol of the formation of Marx's historical materialism, its "realistic personal" humanism thought can be said to be the core of the whole historical materialism, and Marx's exposition on all philosophical issues, This paper, through sorting out and analyzing the research on Mark's anthropology at home and abroad, aims at the deficiencies and theoretical differences of domestic scholars' current research on the situation of human existence and the liberation of human beings. The forming process, the concrete connotation and the developing stage of "realistic individual" in Feuerbach chapter of "form" are analyzed in depth and comprehensively. This paper mainly consists of three parts: the first part discusses Hegel, Feuerbach's abstract interpretation of human beings and the development process of Marx's early theory of human beings on the basis of this influence: in Hegel's eyes, man is a rational man of spiritual freedom, and in Feuerbach's eyes, man is a natural person with the nature of "class". On the basis of the influence of their theory, Marx's humanology thought had experienced a gradual development and maturity before "Morphology". The second part is the detailed explanation of the connotation of "realistic individual". After experiencing the maturation of theoretical creation and the deepening of social practice, the "realistic individual" discussed by Marx is in the social and historical reality. Through the division of labor to form certain social relations, in production practice to establish their own essential provisions, The third part discusses the different stages of historical generation and development of "realistic individual". "realistic individual" is not a static individual form at a certain historical stage. In the stage of "human dependence", "realistic individual" exists as natural individual, in "material dependence" stage, "realistic individual" dissimilates. It mainly exists in the form of "accidental individual"; in the stage of free and all-round development of each person, the "realistic individual" exists in the form of "individual with personality". We can see Marx's unceasing exploration of human beings and noble humanitarian feelings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B038

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