發(fā)布時間：2018-11-02 10:38

【摘要】：近年來,學(xué)校體育參與風(fēng)險導(dǎo)致的體育傷害事件屢有發(fā)生,學(xué)校和體育教師也因使學(xué)生受到傷害而被推上被告席,使學(xué)校和體育教師成為社會的焦點(diǎn)。學(xué)生的體育參與的價值也瞬間受到公眾的質(zhì)疑,學(xué)生體育參與風(fēng)險成為學(xué)校體育教學(xué)中的“燙手山芋”,急需解決。體育參與風(fēng)險與體育傷害事故是質(zhì)變與量變的關(guān)系,體育參與風(fēng)險積累到一定范圍必然發(fā)生傷害。一些學(xué)校和體育教師采取降低教學(xué)難度、取消危險項目等“行之有效”措施,把學(xué)生保護(hù)起來免受傷害,然而卻為學(xué)體育教學(xué)埋下更大的定時炸彈。因此,正確對待體育參與中的風(fēng)險和對體育參與風(fēng)險行之有效的管理無疑成為學(xué)校和體育教師必須掌握的技能,體育教師只要做到這一點(diǎn),就能大大的降低體育參與風(fēng)險的發(fā)生率。本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、問卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,以濟(jì)南市為例,隨機(jī)抽取濟(jì)南市15所小學(xué)為調(diào)查對象,對其小學(xué)生體育參與風(fēng)險現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查研究,得出以下結(jié)論:1濟(jì)南市各小學(xué)對體育教學(xué)的重視度不夠,體育安全教育幾乎沒有涉及,沒有一個學(xué)校建置醫(yī)務(wù)室,而且采取一些消極措施避免風(fēng)險發(fā)生現(xiàn)象,如取消“危險”項目、降低教學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。2各小學(xué)(尤其是市中心地區(qū))普遍存在體育運(yùn)動場地面積小,沒有室內(nèi)運(yùn)動場,運(yùn)動器材大多由政府購買,質(zhì)量一般,器材設(shè)施大多在室外風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋,有老化和損壞現(xiàn)象,對場地器材的檢查維修情況不佳。3調(diào)查的濟(jì)南市各小學(xué)在安排體育課程方面有欠缺,有多個班級同時上課的現(xiàn)象,并且在陰雨天氣和霧霾天氣時,學(xué)生多半上自習(xí)或被其他科目的老師占用。4各學(xué)校體育教師的學(xué)歷多為本科學(xué)歷和研究生學(xué)歷,學(xué)歷層次相對較高,擁有較高級的理論知識和科學(xué)的教學(xué)方法,但是教師的教齡時間較短,教學(xué)實踐經(jīng)驗相對較少。體育教師缺乏體育安全知識的教育,但是體育教師體育參與風(fēng)險意識很強(qiáng),遇到“危險”動作和項目避而不教。5學(xué)生在體育參與中自我風(fēng)險意識不強(qiáng)。因生活水平的提高,“屏幕時間”增多,電子競技活動增加,運(yùn)動時間減少,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生的體能下降,身體素質(zhì)欠佳,從而容易引起學(xué)校體育傷害事故。6目前小學(xué)生的家長參與體育運(yùn)動的很少以及對體育存在的固有偏見,對學(xué)生體育參與持不支持的態(tài)度,無形中降低了學(xué)生對體育參與的興趣,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生身體素質(zhì)不斷降低,更容易發(fā)生體育風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the sports injury events caused by the risk of school physical education participation occur frequently, and the school and physical education teachers are pushed to the dock because of the injury to the students, which makes the school and the physical education teacher become the focus of the society. The value of students' participation in physical education is also questioned by the public instantly. The risk of students' participation in physical education has become a "hot potato" in the teaching of physical education, which needs to be solved urgently. The relationship between sports participation risk and sports injury accident is the relationship between qualitative change and quantitative change. Some schools and PE teachers take effective measures, such as reducing teaching difficulty and cancelling dangerous items, to protect students from harm, but they have planted a bigger time bomb for PE teaching. Therefore, the correct treatment of the risk in sports participation and the effective management of the risk of sports participation are undoubtedly the skills that schools and PE teachers must master, so long as PE teachers do this, Can greatly reduce the incidence of sports participation risk. This paper adopts the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire and mathematical statistics. Taking Jinan as an example, 15 primary schools in Jinan are randomly selected as the objects of investigation, and the present situation of primary school students' participation in physical education risk is investigated and studied deeply. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the primary schools in Jinan do not pay enough attention to physical education, the safety education of physical education is hardly involved, there is not a school to set up infirmary, and some negative measures are taken to avoid the phenomenon of risk. Such as canceling "dangerous" items, lowering teaching standards, etc. (2) in primary schools (especially in downtown areas), sports venues are generally small, there are no indoor playgrounds, sports equipment is mostly purchased by the government, and the quality of sports equipment is average. Most of the equipment and facilities are exposed to the sun and rain outside the wind, with the phenomenon of aging and damage, and the inspection and maintenance of the site and equipment are not good. 3 the primary schools in Jinan investigated have deficiencies in arranging physical education courses, and there are many classes taking classes at the same time. And in rainy weather and haze weather, the majority of students study on their own or are occupied by teachers of other subjects. 4 the academic qualifications of physical education teachers in various schools are mostly undergraduate and graduate degrees, and the educational level is relatively high. It has higher theoretical knowledge and scientific teaching methods, but teachers have shorter teaching life and less practical experience. Physical education teachers lack the education of physical safety knowledge, but PE teachers have a strong awareness of risk in physical education, and they do not teach when they encounter "dangerous" movements and events. 5 students' self-risk awareness in sports participation is not strong. Because of the improvement of living standard, the "screen time" increases, the electronic athletics activity increases, the sports time reduces, the student's physical fitness drops, the physical quality is not good. Therefore, it is easy to cause school sports injury accidents. 6 at present, the parents of primary school students have little participation in sports and inherent prejudice to sports, and they do not support students' participation in sports. It reduces the students' interest in sports participation, and results in the students' physical fitness decreasing and the risk of sports occurring more easily.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G623.8

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